The provision of comprehensive women’s health services constitutes the third pillar of PIH’s approach to integrated programming. By the end of 2004, women of childbearing age represented nearly half of the 39.4 million adults living with HIV/AIDS worldwide.⁷² In regions where ART prophylaxis is not readily available, rates of MTCT of HIV range from 25 to 40 percent.⁷³ Programs to prevent MTCT will have the greatest impact if the vulnerability of the whole family is taken into account. Ideally, HIV prevention and care, including pMTCT, should be integrated with primary health care and women’s health services.